Английский перевод С. Кросса
Источник: La Geste du prince Igor'. New-York, 1948. P. 151179.
- 1. Might it not befit us, brethren, to begin in ancient style the heroic tale of the raid of Igor’, of Igor’ son of Svyatoslav?
- 2. Then let this song rather begin according to the events of our time, and not after Boyan’s invention.
- 3. For when Boyan the seer wished to make someone a song, he would fly in fancy over the trees, like a grey wolf across the land, like a blue-grey eagle beneath the clouds.
- 4. For recalling, quoth he, the fights of olden times, it was his wont to loose ten falcons on a flock of swans: whichever swan was overtaken was the first to sing a song.
- 5. But indeed Boyan did not loose ten falcons on a flock of swans, my brethren, but laid his own magic fingers upon the living strings, and they would of themselves sound forth the glory of the princes – of Yaroslav of old, of valiant Mstislav, who cut down Rededya before the Cherkess hosts, of fair Roman, the son of Svyatoslav.
- 6. Let us then, brethren, forego this tale from Vladimir of old to Igor’ of our day, who proved his mind with firmness and sharpened his heart with valor.
- 7. Filled with martial spirit, he led his brave hosts against the Polovcian land in defense of the land of Rus’.
- 8. Then Igor’ looked upon the bright sun and saw that all his warriors were screened from it by darkness.
- 9. And Igor’ said to his retinue:
- 10. “Brethren and retainers! It were better to be slain than to be led captive.
- 11. “Let us then, my brethren, mount upon our swift horses, that we may catch sight of the blue Don!”
- 12. The Prince’s mind was ablaze with eagerness, and the omen was dimmed by his craving to taste the Great Don.
- 13. “I wish,” quoth he, “with you, O Russians, to break a lance on the edge of the Polovcian plain; I wish to lay down my head, or else to quaff of the Don from my helmet.”Boyan, thou nightingale of olden times! Would that thou couldst sing of these hosts, flitting, O Nightingale, through the tree of fancy, soaring in thy mind beneath the clouds, weaving songs of praise around the present, dashing out upon the Trojan track across the plains to the mountains!
- 14. It has behooved his grandson to sing a song of glory to Igor’:
- 15. “‘Tis not a storm that has swept falcons across the
- 16. wide fields, and daws speed in flocks towards the Great Don …”
- 17. Or rather would the song have thus begun, O seer Boyan, grandson of Veles:
- 18. Horses are neighing beyond the Sula, praises ring out in Kiev; trumpets blare in Novgorod, banners are raised in Putivl’; Igor’ awaits his dear brother Vsevolod.
- 19. And Vsevolod the fierce aurochs said to him:
- 20. “My one brother, my one bright light are thou, Igor’: Sons of Svyatoslav are we both!
- 21. “Saddle thy swift horses, brother!
- 22. “And mine, to be sure, are ready – saddled near Kursk beforehand.
- 23. “And my men of Kursk are glorious warriors: swaddled under trumpets, cradled under helmets, nursed at the spear’s point.
- 24. “To them the roads are known and the ravines are familiar; bent are their bows, open their quivers, sharpened their sabres.
- 25. “Like grey wolves in the fields they roam, seeking honor for themselves and glory for the Prince.”
- 26. Then Igor’ the Prince set his foot in the golden stirrup and rode forth over the open plain.
- 27. The sun barred his path with darkness.
- 28. Night, as it groaned to him in storm, awakened the birds, and the howling of beasts drove them together by hundreds.
- 29. Div cries in the crest of a tree: bids the unknown land give ear – the Volga and the Seacoast, the Sula country, Sudak and Chersonesus, and thee, idol of Tmutarakan’!
- 30. And the Polovcians fled to the Great Don by untrodden roads; their carts scream at midnight like startled swans: Igor’ leads his warriors toward the Don!
- 31. Already ahead of his misfortune the birds hide in the oaks; wolves in the ravines howl in the storm; eagles with their cries summon beasts to the bones; foxes bark at the scarlet shields.
- 32. Russian land, already art thou beyond the hill!
- 33. Late into the night the sunset was fading.
- 34. The glow of dawn has flared up, mist has covered the fields.
- 35. The nightingales’ trill has gone to sleep, having awakened the chatter of daws.
- 36. The sons of Rus’ have barred the great plains with their scarlet shields, seeking honor for themselves and glory for the Prince.
- 37. From dawn on Friday they trampled the infidel Polovcian hosts and, scattering like arrows over the plain, took captive fair Polovcian maidens and with them gold and brocades and precious samites.
- 38. With cloaks, mantles, and furs, and with all sorts of Polovcian adornments they fell to laying bridges over swamps and quagmires.
- 39. A scarlet staff with a white banner, a scarlet horsetail on a silver hilt, for the valiant son of Svyatoslav!
- 40. The valorous nesc of Oleg is slumbering in the prairie: far has it flown.
- 41. It was born for affront neither by falcon nor hawk, nor by thee, black raven infidel Polovcian!
- 42. Gza flees like a grey wolf; Koncak guides a path for him toward the Great Don.
- 43. The next day, very early, bloody dawnings announce the break of day.
- 44. Black clouds come up from the sea; – they would fain veil the four luminaries – and within them blue lightnings quiver.
- 45. A great storm shall come! A rain of arrows shall fall from the Great Don!
- 46. Here lances shall break, sabres shall be dulled on the Polovcian helmets – here, on the river Kayal’i, by the Great Don.
- 47. Russian land, already art thou beyond the hill!
- 48. Lo, the winds, grandsons of Stribog, blow from the sea with arrows upon the valiant hosts of Igor’.
- 49. The earth throbs, rivers flow with turbid stream, dust covers the fields far and wide.
- 50. The banners announce: The Polovcians come from the Don and from the sea!
- 51. And they have beset the Russian hosts from all sides.
- 52. The Devil’s children barred the fields with their war-cry and the valiant sons of Rus’ barred them with their scarlet shields.
- 53. O Vsevolod, furious aurochs! Thou standest on the defense, thou pourest thy arrows upon the foe-man, thou dost batter their helmets with swords of Frankish steel.
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- 67. In the unknown field, amid the Polovcian land, the earth blackened beneath the hooves was sown with bones and watered with blood, and they sprouted sorrow throughout the Russian land.
- 68. What resounds, what thunders in my ears?
- 69. This day before dawn Igor’ is facing his troops about: he has pity on his dear brother Vsevolod.
- 70. One day they fought, they fought another, and on the third, toward midday, the banners of Igor’ fell.
- 71. Then the two brothers parted on the bank of the rapid Kayali”.
- 72. Then the bloody wine ran dry.
- 73. Then the bold sons of Rus’ finished the feast: th’y gave the wedding guests to drink, and themselves they lay down for the Russian land.
- 74. The grass bends in sorrow, and the tree is bowed down to earth by woe.
- 75. For already, brethren, a cheerless season has set in: already our strength has been swallowed up by the wilderness.
- 76. Violence has risen up amid the forces of the grandson of Da&bog; like a damsel she had entered into the Trojan land, she had made plash swan-wings in the blue sea by the Don, and plashing she stirred up times teeming with strife.
- 77. Victory of the princes over the infidels is gone, for now brother said to brother: “This is mine, and that is mine also,” and the princes began to say of little things, “Lo! this is a great matter,” and to forge discord against themselves.
- 78. And on all sides the infidels were victoriously invading the Russian land.
- 79. Ah! Far has flown the falcon, slaying birds, down towards the sea!
- 80. And Igor’s valiant host shall not be resurrected!
- 81. In its track, the mourner raised her wail, and lamentation swept over the Russian land.
- 82. Shaking up the embers in a flaming horn, Russian women broke into tears wailing:
- 83. “No more can we conceive our dear loved ones in our minds, nor imagine them in our thoughts, nor behold them with our eyes, and not even shall we touch gold and silver.”
- 84. And, brethren, Kiev began to groan with sorrow, and Černigov with adversities.
- 85. Anguish flooded the Russian land, sadness flowed full amid the land of Rus’.
- 86. And the princes forged discord against themselves.
- 87. And the infidels, as they roamed victoriously over the Russian land, took a squirrel-fur from each household in tribute.
- 88. Igor’ and Vsevolod, these two valiant sons of Svyatoslav, had again stirred up the hostile force which their foster-father, the redoubtable Svyatoslav the Great of Kiev, had curbed and kept in fear and trepidation.
- 89. With his powerful hosts and Frankish swords, he set his foot upon the land of the Polovcians, trod down hills and ravines, muddied rivers and lakes, dried up torrents and swamps; like a whirlwind, he snatched the infidel Kobyak from the arm of the sea out of the great iron Polovcian hosts, and Kobyak fell in the city of Kiev, in the hall of Svyatoslav.
- 90. Now Germans and Venetians, now Greeks and Moravians sing the glory of Svyatoslav, and belittle Prince Igor’, who sank his wealth to the bottom of the Kayali, and packed the Polovcian rivers with Russian gold.
- 91. Then Igor’ the Prince dismounted from his golden saddle, – but only to a captive’s saddle.
- 92. For the bulwarks of the cities had become weary, and joy was bowed low.
- 93. And Svyatoslav dreamed a troubled dream in Kiev, on the hills.
- 94. “Early this night,” quoth he, “they were clothing me in a black shroud, upon a couch of yew.
- 95. “They poured me dark wine mingled with sorrow.
- 96. “They dropped upon my chest large pearls out of the empty quivers of the infidel Pecenegs. our minds, nor imagine them in our thoughts, nor behold them with our eyes, and not even shall we touch gold and silver.”
- 97. “And they caress me, and the beams of my gold-domed hall are already without roof-girder.
- 98. All night long since the evening, dark ravens were croaking.
- 99. “At the foothill by Plesensk a sledge appeared, and was borne towards the blue sea.”
- 100. And the boyars said to the Prince:
- 101. “Sadness, Prince, has already possessed thy mind.
- 102. “For the two falcons have flown away from the paternal throne of gold to seek the city of Tmutarakan’, or else to drink of the Don from their helmets, and already the falcons’ wings have been clipped by the sabres of infidels, and they themselves are both enmeshed in iron snares.
- 103. 4 “For it was dark that third day: the two suns grew dark, both the flame-red pillars were extinguished and sank into the sea, and with them two young moons were veiled in darkness.
- 104. “On the river Kayali’ darkness had covered the light.
- 105. “The Polovcians, like a brood of panthers, scattered over the Russian land, and great turbulence spread as far as the Huns.
- 106. “Shame has already descended upon glory.
- 107. “Violence has already struck out against freedom.
- 108. “Div has already fallen upon the land.
- 109. “Lo, fair Gothic maidens on the coast of the blue sea have raised a song, as they jingle with their Russian gold, they sing of the dark time, in measured song they glorify vengeance for Sarokan.
- 110. “And we, retainers, have been famished for joy.”
- 111. Thereupon the great Svyatoslav let fall a golden word, mingled with tears, and said:
- 112. “Oh, my nephews Igor’ and Vsevolod! Early have ye begun to harry the Polovcian land with your swords, to seek glory for yourselves; but without honor ye have vanquished, because dishonorabtly ye shed the blood of the righteous.
- 113. “Your valiant hearts are forged of hard Frankish steel and tempered in turbulence.
- 114. “What have you done to my silvery grey head?
- 115. “And no longer do I see at the helm my brother Yaroslav, strong, rich, and mighty in warriors, with his Černigov grandees, his valiant knights, with the Tatrans and Selbirs and Topcaks and Revugs and Olbers; without shields, only knife-blade in bootleg, with war-whoop, they vanquish hosts, sounding the glory of their grandsires.
- 116. “But ye said: We will by ourselves prove our courage, we will seize the glory to come and divide that of the past among ourselves.
- 117. “Yet is it a wonder, brethren, for an ancient to grow young?
- 118. “If a falcon has had his moults, high does he smite the birds, nor does he allow any harm to his nest.
- 119. “But, behold the evil: no princely aid have I.”
- 120. The times have turned inside out.
- 121. In Rim people wail beneath Polovcian sabres, and blows rain on Volodimir.
- 122. Woe and sadness for the son of Gleb!
- 123. O Great Prince Vsevolod! Shouldst thou not even in thought fly here from afar, to protect thy paternal golden throne?
- 124. For thou canst stir up the Volga with oars and pour out the Don with helmets!
- 125. But if thou wert but here, a slave-girl would go for a shilling, and a captive for a penny.
- 126. For thou canst shoot over the dry land with live fire-bearing missiles, – with the valiant sons of Gleb.
- 127. O thou bold Rvurik, and David! Was it not your men that sailed in blood under gilded helmets?
- 128. Is it not your valorous retinue that roar like au-rochses wounded by tempered sabres in the unknown plain?
- 129. Set your feet, my Lords, in your stirrups of gold to avenge the outrage of our time, the Russian land, and the wounds of Igor’ bold son of Swatoslav!
- 130. O OsmomisI – Yaroslav of Galic! High art thou seated upon thy gold-wrought throne, after bracing the Hungarian mountains with thy iron hosts, having barred the King’s road, and shutting the gates of the Danube as thou hurlest missiles over the clouds, imposing thy judgment as far as the Danube.
- 131. Thy thunders stream over the lands; thou openest the gates of Kiev; from thy paternal throne of gold thou dost shoot at the sultans beyond thy realms.
- 132. Shoot, Lord, at Koncak, the infidel slave, to avenge the Russian land, and the wounds of Igor’, bold son of Svyatoslav!
- 133. And thou, bold Roman, and Mstislav! Valiant thought carries your wit to deeds.
- 134. High in thy valor dost thou glide toward deeds, like a falcon soaring above the winds, sorely eager to conquer a bird.
- 135. And what iron breast-plates those are under Latin helmets! they have made the earth tremble, and many countries – the Huns, the Lithuanians, the Yatvingians, the Prussians and the Polovcians – have dropped their lances and bowed their heads beneath those swords of Frankish steel.
- 136. But, Prince, the sunlight has already grown dark for Igor’, and trees have shed their foliage for evil!
- 137. The foe have shared among them the cities along the Ros’ and the Sula, and Igor”s valiant host shall not be resurrected!
- 138. The Don calls thee, Prince, and summons the Princes to victory.
- 139. The sons of Oleg, valorous Princes, are ready for battle.
- 140. Ingvar and Vsevolod, and all the three sons of Mstislav, six-winged hawks of no mean nest! By the luck of victories you have obtained your patrimonies.
- 141. Where, if so, are your helmets of gold and your Polish lances and shields?
- 142. With your sharp arrows bar the gates to the steppe, to avenge the Russian land, the wounds of Igor’, bold son of Svyatoslav!
- 143. For the Sula no longer flows with silver streams for the benefit of the city of Pereyaslavl’, and amid the howling of the pagans, the Dvina flows muddy among those erstwhile terrible men of Polotsk.
- 144. Alone Izyaslav son of Vasil’ko clanged his sharp swords upon the Lithuanian helmets, paled the glory of his grandsire Vseslav, what time he was himself mowed down by Lithuanian swords and fell under scarlet shields upon the bloody turf as it were upon the couch with his beloved.
- 145. And Boyan had said:
- 146. “Thy retinue, Prince, birds have covered with their wings, and beasts have licked the blood!”
- 147. Thy brother Bryacislav was not there, nor the other – Vsevolod: alone thou didst let fall the pearl of thy soul out of the valiant body through thy golden necklace.
- 148. Voices have grown mute, revelry has waned, only the trumpets of Gorodec are sounding.
- 149. Yaroslav and all the grandsons of Vseslav! Lower your banners, sheathe your damaged swords.
- 150. For ye have already strayed far from the glory of your grandsire.
- 151. For with your own treasons ye began to bring the infidels upon the Russian land, upon the domains of Vseslav.
- 152. For through civil strife came violence from the land of the Polovcians, upon the Trojan land, in our seventh millennium.
- 153. Vseslav cast lots for the coveted maiden.
- 154. Craftily, leaning on his spear, he leaped to the city of Kiev, and touched with the spear-shaft the golden Kievan throne.
- 155. Wrapped in the pall of a blue mist he leaped like a wild beast at midnight out of Belgorod.
- 156. Some three times he snatched a streak of good luck, he opened the gates of Novgorod, and smashed the glory of Yaroslav.
- 157. Like a wolf he leaped towards the Nemiga and stamped down the threshing floor: on the Nemiga they threw sheaves of heads and thresh with flails of Frankish steel; on the threshing floor they lay down life and winnow soul from body.
- 158. For evil were sown the bloody banks of the Nemiga, sown with the bones of the sons of Rus’.
- 159. Vseslav the Prince was judging the people, as prince he ruled the cities, but at night he coursed like a wolf: he would course from Kiev to Tmutarakan’ before cock-crow, wolf-like crossing the path of the great Hors.
- 160. In Polotsk, the bells of St. Sophia’s would ring in the morning for him, but he already heard the matin-bells in Kiev.
- 161. Though a wizardry soul in a valiant body, yet he often suffered sorely.
- 162. For of him the seer Boyan had wisely made afore the ditty:
- 163. “Neither a crafty man, nor a clever man, nor a chirping bird, can escape God’s doom.”
- 164. Oh, the Russian land shall moan, recalling the olden times and the princes of old!
- 165. That ancient Vladimir could not be wedged into the Kievan hills.
- 166. But now his banners have become some Ryurik’s, some David’s, and their plumes wave apart in strife.
- 167. As far as the Danube spears are singing.
- 168. But what I hear is Yaroslavna’s voice like a cuckoo singing without tidings at morn.
- 169. “I will fly,” quoth she, “like a cuckoo down the Don.
- 170. “I will dip my sleeve of beaver-fur in the Kayall river.
- 171. “I will wipe off the Prince’s bloody wounds on his lusty body!”
- 172. Yaroslavna weeps at morn at Putivl’ on the city wall, wailing:
- 173. “Wind, O Wind! Wherefore, Lord, blowest thou so fiercely?
- 174. “Wherefore earnest thou the Huns’ arrows upon thy carefree wings against the warriors of my beloved?
- 175. “Is it not enough for thee to blow on high, beneath the clouds, rocking ships upon the blue sea?
- 176. “Wherefore, Lord, hast thou scattered my joy over the grass of the plains?”
- 177. Yaroslavna weeps at morn in Putivl’ town on the city wall, wailing:
- 178. “O Dnieper son of Slovuta! Thou hast pierced the stone mountains to flow across the Polovcian land.
- 179. “Upon thee floated the barks of Svyatoslav down to the camp of Kobyak.
- 180. “Lordly river, float back to me my beloved, that I may not at morn send him my tears down to the sea.”
- 181. Yaroslavna weeps at morn in Putivl’ upon the city wall, wailing:
- 182. “O bright and thrice-bright Sun! Towards all art thou warm and fair.
- 183. “Wherefore, Lord, hast thou shed thy scorching rays on the warriors of my beloved and wherefore in the waterless plain hast thou parched their bows with thirst, locked their quivers with weariness?”
- 184. The sea fell to splashing at midnight, waterspouts come up: through the fog, God shows Prince Igor’ the way from the Polovcian land to the land of the Russians, to his paternal throne of gold.
- 185. The rays of sunset are extinguished: Igor’ sleeps, Igor’ is awake, Igor’ measures in thought the steppe from the Great Don to the Little Donee.
- 186. Having snatched a horse, Vlur whistled at midnight on the other side of the river: he wishes the Prince to understand: Prince Igor’ shall escape tortures!
- 187. The earth rumbled, the grass rustled, and the Polovcian tents were stirring.
- 188. And Prince Igor’ dashed like an ermine towards the rushes and like a white duck into the water.
- 189. He sprang upon the swift horse and alighted a white-footed wolf.
- 190. And he sped towards the bank of the Donee, and he flew like a falcon underneath the mists, killing geese and swans at morn, and noon, and eve.
- 191. If Igor’ flew like a falcon, Vlur sped like a wolf, shaking off the chilly dew; for they both wore out their swift horses.
- 192. Said Donee:
- 193. “Prince Igor’I There is no small glory for thee, and regret for Koncak, and joy for the Russian land!”
- 194. And Igor’ said:
- 195. “O Donee! There is no small glory to thee, for thou hast rocked the Prince upon thy waves, spread out green grass for him upon thy silvery banks, cloaked him with warm mists in the shade of green trees!
- 196. “Thou hast guarded him by the wild duck on the water, by the gulls upon the streams, by the black ducks on the winds.”
- 197. No such words came from the river Stugna: meager in its own stream, having swallowed up other brooks and torrents, it did draw amid two bushes the young Prince Rostislav and lock him in the pool near the dark bank.
- 198. Rostislav’s mother wails for the young Prince Rostislav.
- 199. The flowers have grown doleful’ for sorrow and the tree is bowed down to earth by woe.”
- 200. Not jackdaws have fallen to chattering: Gza and Koncak roam on the trail of Igor’.
- 201. Then crows croaked not, daws grew silent, magpies did not chatter.
- 202. Woodpeckers climbed upon the willows: with their knocking they show the way to the river; and lo!, nightingales announce the dawn by gay songs.
- 203. Says Gza to Koncak:
- 204. “And if the falcon flies towards his nest, we will shoot the fledgling with gilded arrows.”
- 205. Konfiak answered to Gza:
- 206. “And if the falcon flies towards his nest, we will rather bind the young falcon in the toils of a fair maiden!”
- 207. But said Gza to KonSak:
- 208. “And if we bind him in the toils of a fair maiden, we shall have neither the young falcon, nor the fair maiden; and our birds will be smitten in the Polovcian Plain.”
- 209. Boyan, the bard of olden days, the days of Yaroslav, of Oleg, of the first Princes, had bespoken even the son of Svyatoslav:
- 210. “If it be hard for thee, head, without the shoulders, ‘tis bad for thee, body, without the head,” – for the Russian land without Igor’.
- 211. The sun shines in heaven: Igor’ the Prince is in the Russian land!
- 212. Maidens sing as far as the Danube, their voices soar across the sea towards Kiev.
- 213. Igor’ rides along Boricev to Our Blessed Lady of the Tower.
- 214. The countries are glad, the cities rejoice.
- 215. As formerly the glory of the old Princes was sung, so now has come the turn of the young.
- 216. Glory! Igor’ son of Svyatoslav, bold aurochs Vsevolod, Vladimir son of Igor’.
- 217. Hail Princes and retinue, fighting for Christendom against the infidel hosts!
- 218. Glory unto the Princes and to the retinue honor!
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Если вы используете корпус в научной работе, пожалуйста, сошлитесь на эту публикацию:
Орехов Б. В. Параллельный корпус переводов «Слова о полку Игореве»: итоги и перспективы // Национальный корпус русского языка: 2006—2008. Новые результаты и перспективы. — СПб.: Нестор-История, 2009. — С. 462—473.